Early Warning Systems

Disaster Risk Management and Emergency Response Legislations and Strategies Awareness in Tanzania: A Case of Dar Es Salaam City

This peer-reviewed study examines awareness and compliance with disaster risk management (DRM) and emergency response legislations and strategies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania’s largest and fastest-growing city. Based on survey data from 105 respondents and institutional analysis, the research finds that while residents and public officials are generally aware of disaster risks — particularly floods, […]

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Heat Stress at Work

As temperatures rise, so do risks to workers. Heat Stress at Work examines how extreme heat affects workers across sectors, particularly those in high-exposure roles or due to existing inequalities and vulnerabilities. It analyses workplace practices, regulatory settings and economic pressures that influence risk, and highlights consequences for health, productivity and business continuity. This report

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Strengthening resilience to extreme heat – an Adelaide case study

What does extreme heat risk look like in everyday life? This place-based case study explores how heat manifests in an urban context through a systems lens, examining the interconnected roles of housing and urban development, the natural environment, health, at-risk populations, workplaces and schools, disaster risk management and early warning systems, energy and critical infrastructure,

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Understanding Extreme Heat and Entry Points for Action

Extreme heat is Australia’s deadliest natural hazard — yet it often goes unseen. This report examines heat risk through the intersection of hazard, exposure, vulnerability and capacity, showing how impacts emerge across health, infrastructure, livelihoods and essential services. It clarifies key concepts — including extreme heat, heatwaves and urban heat islands — and explains Australia’s

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How to ensure inclusive early warning early action? Good practices and local innovations from Eastern Nepal that leave no one behind.

In this policy paper, published by the Finnish Red Cross in November 2025, the Nepal Red Cross Society shows how effectiveness in disaster preparedness depends on the meaningful participation of groups in the most vulnerable situations. It has a specific focus on persons with disabilities and women in Eastern Nepal. The policy paper aims to

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Strengthening Community Resilience through Small Business Preparedness

When disaster strikes—such as a flood, earthquake, hurricane, or a business-halting heat wave—it doesn’t just disrupt homes and lives; it also grinds local economies to a halt. Small and micro businesses, vital to communities, are among the most vulnerable to disaster impacts. Yet, they are also among the most critical players in any community’s recovery.

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Fortalecimiento de los Sistemas de Alerta Temprana para Todos: Evidencia y Lecciones de las Comunidades de Última Milla

Las alertas tempranas salvan vidas, pero solo cuando llegan a tiempo, son confiables y conducen a la acción. Este informe reúne evidencia de 15 estudios en 14 países para analizar por qué los sistemas de alerta temprana (SAT) a menudo no logran traducir las alertas en medidas de protección para las comunidades de última milla

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Zurich Climate Resilience Alliance in the Philippines

As part of the Zurich Climate Resilience Alliance, the Philippine Red Cross, together with the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, and Plan International are working with communities across the Philippines to improve community resilience, increase investment, and improve policies for climate resilience at all governance levels in the Philippines. The Philippines is

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A silhouetted community volunteer uses a megaphone to deliver an early warning message outdoors, with sunlight behind them against a clear sky.

Strengthening Early Warning Systems for All: Evidence and Lessons from Last-Mile Communities

This report synthesizes findings from 15 GDPC-supported studies across 14 countries to examine why early warnings often fail to translate into timely, protective action — particularly for last-mile communities that are geographically isolated, socially marginalized, or economically vulnerable. Drawing on empirical research and complementary literature, the report highlights that early warning effectiveness is shaped not

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A Systematic Review of Heat Health Warning Systems: Enhancing the Framework Towards Effective Health Outcomes

Purpose of Review Heat Health Warning Systems (HHWS) reduce heat-related morbidity and mortality. We reviewed scientific studies on HHWS that use meteorological variables, local climate-epidemiological evidence, personalization, and built environment factors to determine heat stress thresholds. We identified key factors to enhance their precision and effectiveness. Recent Findings We categorized the findings into three groups.

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