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Hazard

A team of Guatemalan Red Cross rescue volunteers in full red gear, helmets and life jackets walk along a rocky riverbed carrying ropes and equipment during an emergency response operation.

Hurricanes in sight: the Red Cross always ready to save lives

On October 1998, Hurricane Mitch transformed risk management in Central America forever. Its devastating passage left more than 11,000 people dead and millions affected, marking a turning point in the way National Societies in the region prepare for such extreme events. Two decades later, from Mexico to South America, many National Societies have transformed the

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Urban Heat Governance: Assessing Institutional Capacity to Manage Extreme Heat in Cities of the Global South

Extreme heat is the deadliest climate hazard — yet it remains the least governed. This policy brief, produced by the IFRC Climate Centre in partnership with University College London, presents findings from an analysis of heat-related urban governance across 83 coastal cities in the Global South. The central finding is stark: despite rapidly escalating heat

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Community Heat Risk Perception Studies: Honduras, Indonesia, and Tanzania

This collection brings together four community-level research studies examining how urban populations perceive, experience, and respond to extreme heat. Published in late 2025, the studies were conducted as part of the Coastal City Resilience and Extreme Heat Action Project (CoCHAP) — a joint initiative supported by National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, the American

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Evidence-Based Communication Strategies for Protecting Communities from Extreme Heat

This series of guidance notes presents evidence-based communication strategies for protecting vulnerable communities from extreme heat, drawing on heat risk perception surveys conducted across five cities: Choluteca and San Lorenzo (Honduras), Surabaya and Medan (Indonesia), and Tanga and Unguja (Tanzania). Across all contexts, surveys consistently identify older adults, outdoor workers, pregnant women, people with pre-existing

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A Shield Against the Sun: The Story of CDF and Jacobabad’s Heatwave Revolution

Jacobabad, Sindh, is a city defined by its extremes. Known historically as one of the hottest inhabited places on Earth, summer temperatures here frequently soar beyond 50°C (122°F). For decades, this heat was treated as an unavoidable fact of life a “normal phenomenon.” However, beneath this stoic acceptance lay a tragic reality: every year, the

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Collaborative community-based early warning systems – Solutions Brief

This solution brief forms part of the Zurich Climate Resilience Alliance’s solutions series. The solution series aims to improve outreach and impact of such resilient practices at a global level. This brief highlights how the Philippine Red Cross has partnered with communities, local leaders, members of Barangay Flood Resilience Committees, and key government stakeholders to

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Assessment of Community-led Flood Adaption Strategies in Lagos Coastal Slums, Nigeria

Authors and Collaborators: Samson Olaitan Olanrewaju, Osun State University Olabisi S. Obaitor, Ludwig Maximilians University Victor Onifade, University of Lagos Ayomide Oluwuyi, Osun State University Summary: Flooding poses a perennial risk and severe threat to the coastal slum settlements in Lagos, Nigeria, where rapid urbanization, inadequate drainage, and climate change exacerbate vulnerability. This study assessed community-led flood

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Heat Stress at Work

As temperatures rise, so do risks to workers. Heat Stress at Work examines how extreme heat affects workers across sectors, particularly those in high-exposure roles or due to existing inequalities and vulnerabilities. It analyses workplace practices, regulatory settings and economic pressures that influence risk, and highlights consequences for health, productivity and business continuity. This report

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Strengthening resilience to extreme heat – an Adelaide case study

What does extreme heat risk look like in everyday life? This place-based case study explores how heat manifests in an urban context through a systems lens, examining the interconnected roles of housing and urban development, the natural environment, health, at-risk populations, workplaces and schools, disaster risk management and early warning systems, energy and critical infrastructure,

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Understanding Extreme Heat and Entry Points for Action

Extreme heat is Australia’s deadliest natural hazard — yet it often goes unseen. This report examines heat risk through the intersection of hazard, exposure, vulnerability and capacity, showing how impacts emerge across health, infrastructure, livelihoods and essential services. It clarifies key concepts — including extreme heat, heatwaves and urban heat islands — and explains Australia’s

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