Assessment of Early Action for Flood Protection in Makhuwira: Understanding Last-Mile Community Response to Flood Warning in Chikwawa District

Flooding remains a major threat to last-mile communities in Malawi, particularly in Makhuwira, Chikwawa District, where poverty and limited resources constrain disaster preparedness. This study investigates the effectiveness of early warning systems and household-level early actions during Cyclone Freddy, using a mixed-methods approach that combines household surveys, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions.

Findings show that while 78.6% of households received early warnings, financial constraints, inadequate evacuation infrastructure, and delayed dissemination limited their ability to take preventive measures. Only 30.7% of households evacuated before the flood, while others either delayed their response or took no action due to a lack of resources. Despite these challenges, qualitative insights suggest that early action, when feasible, played a role in reducing damages at the household level.

The study underscores the need for stronger early warning communication, improved evacuation facilities, and targeted financial and technical support to help vulnerable communities act effectively before disasters strike. By addressing these gaps, disaster preparedness strategies in Malawi can become more inclusive and responsive to the realities faced by last-mile communities.

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