Ethiopia Food Insecurity 2010

Despite efforts from the Ethiopian Government and from the farmers community, Ethiopia remains highly
vulnerable to severe and chronic food security as a result (to a large extent) of its geographical location in a
very hot and arid part of Africa, the Horn of Africa. In Ethiopia, agriculture still accounts for 80 per cent of all
employment. Most of the agricultural production is at a subsistence level, with small-scale farmers cultivating
food on less than 1 hectare per family and most agriculture still essentially rain-fed. Average yields of key
staple crops are low even in a normal year and a limited access to improved seeds, fertilizers and other
agricultural inputs make it difficult for farmers to fully cover the consumption demands of a rapidly growing
population. Dry spells are becoming more frequent, longer and more severe. The dry spells severely affect
the capacity of farmers and pastoralists to produce food and directly affects their health as access to safe
drinking water becomes critically low and the risk of infections grows exponentially.
Since the severe famines of 1974 and 1984/5 the Ethiopian Government, supported by its partners in the
international humanitarian community, has committed itself to ensuring access to a minimum level of food.
This is done partly through the structural Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) that is assisting roughly 7.5
million3 persons and partly through emergency food interventions that are guided by the Humanitarian
Requirements Report, a document that is produced and updated several times each year as required by the
evolving needs. The Humanitarian Requirements Report serves as an appeal for cash and/or food to the
international community, and as a guide for their assessment and food-aid efforts which, in line with the 22
October 2009 version of the report, is targeting a total of 6.2 million beneficiaries in addition to the 7.5 million
individuals already supported through the PSNP.
This official figure of 6.2 million people in need is exceptional. During the August to December 2009 period
the needs are normally at their lowest as the result of the Meher harvest which is responsible for more than
85 per cent of the countrys annual cereal production (see figure 2 below which illustrates this). The higher
than normal figure of people in need reflects much larger than normal needs for assistance as a result of the
failure of the May to June Belg harvest, the second year in a row that this had occurred in several parts of
the country as a result of late, very erratic or a total absence of rainfall. This caused severe food shortages in
Belg-dependant areas, including Amhar Region (Oromiya) and North Shewa Zone (which had already been
the focus of assistance through the International Federations Horn of Africa Appeal). The harvest failure
attributed to the Belg rains also forced large parts of the population to reduce their food-consumption while
anticipating the Meher harvest towards the end of the year. The situation was further worsened by the
Meher-related kiremt rains that were late in arriving and well below normal, particularly in the East

Photos by Jose Cendon